PM-JANMAN — Implementation Progress for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups
Summary
Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN), launched in November 2023 with a ₹24,000 crore outlay over three years, is India's first targeted programme exclusively for the 75 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) — the most marginalised among India's tribal communities.
●The scheme converges nine central ministries to deliver housing, road connectivity, mobile medical units, Anganwadi centres, and clean drinking water to PVTG habitations across 18 states and one Union Territory.
●As of November 2024, 1.2 lakh PVTG households had been allocated housing under PMAY-G and 860 km of roads had been constructed or sanctioned.
Government Schemes & Welfare
This sub-topic has appeared in 9 UPSC Prelims questions.
PVTGs (Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups) are a subset of Scheduled Tribes identified on the basis of pre-agriculture technology, low literacy, economic backwardness, and declining or stagnant population.
●India has 75 PVTGs across 18 states and 1 UT — total population approximately 28 lakh.
●PM-JANMAN is administered by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs but delivers services through nine ministries via a convergence model.
●Key PVTG communities include the Sentinelese (Andaman), Birhor (Jharkhand), Chenchu (Telangana/AP), and Hill Korwa (Chhattisgarh/Jharkhand).
PVTGs are distinguished from other STs by four criteria — pre-agricultural economy, declining population, low literacy, and geographic isolation — making standard welfare delivery mechanisms structurally inadequate for reaching them.
Factual Pointers
Practice · 2 questions
Consider the following statements about Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs):
1. PVTGs are identified based on four criteria including pre-agricultural technology and declining population.
2. India has 104 PVTGs across all states and Union Territories.
3. The Birhor of Jharkhand and the Sentinelese of the Andaman Islands are examples of PVTGs.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
PM-JANMAN was launched on 15 November 2023 — this date is observed as Janjatiya Gaurav Divas because it is the birth anniversary of: