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28 May 2026Science & Technology3 questions

ISRO Launches NVS-02 — NavIC Constellation Updated with L1 Band Capability

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Article summary

ISRO successfully launched NVS-02, the second satellite in the NavIC Next Generation (NVS) series, aboard GSLV-F15 on 29 January 2025. NVS-02 adds the L1 frequency band (1575.42 MHz) to NavIC's existing L5 and S band signals, making the system compatible with civilian GPS receivers and smartwatch chipsets without hardware modification. The NVS series replaces the original IRNSS (Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System) constellation, with improved atomic clocks and extended design life of 12 years. NavIC provides positioning accuracy of better than 20 metres over India and extends 1,500 km beyond its borders.

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recallTests whether you read the article and retained key facts.
1Q
applicationTests whether you can apply the concept to a new scenario.
1Q
analysisTests whether you can reason across multiple related facts.
1Q

Sample questions — answers revealed after test

Science & TechnologyRecallEasy

Q1. Which of the following correctly describes the orbital configuration of India's NavIC constellation as constituted by the original IRNSS satellites?

A3 geostationary orbit satellites and 4 geosynchronous inclined orbit satellites
B4 geostationary orbit satellites and 3 geosynchronous inclined orbit satellites
C3 geostationary orbit satellites and 4 medium Earth orbit satellites
D5 geostationary orbit satellites and 2 geosynchronous inclined orbit satellites
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Science & TechnologyApplicationMedium

Q2. A consumer electronics manufacturer wants to produce a low-cost smartphone chipset compatible with NavIC for the Indian mass market. Which single upgrade in the NVS satellite series, compared to the original IRNSS satellites, most directly enables this compatibility?

AIncrease in design life from 10 years to 12 years, reducing replacement frequency and lowering long-term service costs
BAddition of the L1 frequency band, which is the same band used by GPS, Galileo, and GLONASS, allowing existing multi-constellation chipsets to support NavIC
CUse of indigenous Rubidium atomic clocks instead of imported clocks, improving positioning accuracy below 5 metres for civilian users
DExpansion of NavIC's coverage area from 1,500 km to 3,000 km around India, increasing the serviceable market for device manufacturers
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Science & TechnologyAnalysisHard

Q3. Consider the following statements regarding NavIC and its strategic-technological context: 1. NavIC's development was directly motivated by the 1999 Kargil conflict, during which the United States denied India access to precision GPS data over the conflict zone. 2. NavIC's Restricted Service (RS) provides positioning accuracy better than 10 metres and is available to all civilian users by default. 3. Among all operational global and regional satellite navigation systems, NavIC and Japan's QZSS are the only systems classified as regional rather than global. 4. The NVS series satellites carry indigenous Rubidium atomic clocks, whereas the original IRNSS satellites relied on imported atomic clocks. Which of the statements given above are correct?

A1, 3 and 4 only
B1, 2 and 4 only
C2 and 3 only
D1, 2, 3 and 4
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