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Discuss the nature of the Bhakti Movement and its contribution to Indian society and culture.

Evaluate the policies of Lord Curzon and their consequences for the Indian national movement.

The history of industrial revolution in England demonstrates that capitalism and imperialism are closely linked. Explain.

The political and administrative reorganisation of states and territories has been a continuous ongoing process since the mid-nineteenth century. Trace this process with special reference to the period after Independence.

Discuss the contributions of ancient Indian universities to the global knowledge tradition.

Throw light on the significance of the contribution of the Alvars and Nayanmars to the Bhakti movement in South India.

Elaborate on the geographical and socio-economic factors that influence the location of iron and steel industries in India.

Discuss the characteristics and significance of the Indo-Gangetic plain as a physiographic division of India.

What do you understand by the caste system in India? How has it evolved and what challenges does it pose to contemporary Indian society?

Identify the factors responsible for the growth of communalism in India and discuss its impact on social harmony.

Trace the growth and development of the Indian National Army (INA) under Subhas Chandra Bose. What was the significance of the INA trials in strengthening the national movement?

The First World War brought about a dramatic transformation in the nature of Indian nationalism. Critically examine.

Cold War ideology profoundly shaped post-colonial development models across Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Discuss with examples.

Discuss the social and economic impacts of the Green Revolution in India.

What are the main features of the Dravidian temple architecture? How does it differ from the Nagara style of temples?

Discuss the role of women in the Indian freedom struggle with special reference to Gandhian phase.

Examine the causes and effects of the de-industrialisation of India under British rule.

Analyse the factors influencing the distribution of population in India.

What is landslide? Discuss the major causes of landslides in the Himalayan region with reference to recent events.

Discuss the salient features of the Tribal sub-plan as a development strategy for Scheduled Tribe populations and examine its effectiveness.

Critically examine the constitutional provisions for the protection of rights of minorities in India.

Discuss the significance of the Right to Information Act in ensuring accountability and transparency in governance in India.

India's relations with its neighbours have been marked by both cooperation and tension. Analyse the factors responsible for this duality with reference to any two neighbouring countries.

Discuss the role of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha in maintaining the dignity and decorum of the House. What are the limitations on the Speaker's power?

Examine the need for maintaining the independence of the judiciary from the executive in India.

Assess the performance of Panchayati Raj Institutions since the 73rd Constitutional Amendment and identify the challenges that impede their effectiveness.

Discuss the significance of India's Act East Policy for strengthening its relations with Southeast Asian and East Asian countries.

Evaluate the Direct Benefit Transfer mechanism as a means of improving welfare delivery in India.

Discuss the role of the Election Commission of India in strengthening the democratic process. What are the challenges it faces in the contemporary context?

Examine the challenges faced by statutory regulatory bodies in India in ensuring effective and independent regulation.

Examine the role of the Finance Commission in maintaining fiscal federalism and equitable resource distribution between the Centre and States in India.

Analyse the evolution of India's engagement with ASEAN and its contribution to India's foreign policy objectives.

Examine how the Supreme Court of India has acted as a protector of the federal structure of the Constitution.

Women's representation in Parliament and state legislatures remains inadequate in India. Critically examine the challenges and suggest measures to address this gap.

Examine the role of the United Nations in maintaining international peace and security in the post-Cold War era. What reforms are needed to make it more effective?

Evaluate the effectiveness of the National Food Security Act 2013 in addressing food insecurity among vulnerable sections of India's population.

Examine India's strategic interests in the Indian Ocean Region and assess its efforts to emerge as a net security provider.

Evaluate the welfare schemes for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in India. How effective have they been in improving their socio-economic conditions?

Examine the emergency provisions under the Indian Constitution and discuss their implications for federal structure and civil liberties.

Discuss the challenges to national integration in India and suggest measures to address them.

What are the main bottlenecks in the agricultural supply chain in India, and how can these be overcome to reduce post-harvest losses?

Discuss the role of the private sector in the development of infrastructure in India. How can the government facilitate greater private investment in this sector?

How has India's digital public infrastructure contributed to financial inclusion? Discuss with examples.

Examine the challenges to food security in India and the measures taken by the government to address them.

What is the significance of Artificial Intelligence in the defence sector? Discuss the challenges associated with its adoption in India.

Discuss the impact of climate change on agriculture in India and suggest adaptation strategies.

What are the major challenges faced by the Indian space programme and how can these be addressed to make India a global space power?

Discuss the growing threat of cybercrime in India and the measures needed to strengthen India's cybersecurity framework.

What is the significance of wetlands in India? Discuss the threats faced by them and the measures for their conservation.

Discuss the challenges in the management of urban floods in India and suggest a comprehensive strategy to mitigate them.

What is the 'circular economy'? How can its adoption help in achieving sustainable development in India?

Discuss the significance of India's semiconductor policy for its economic and strategic interests.

Critically examine the effectiveness of India's land acquisition laws in balancing development needs and the rights of farmers and tribals.

What are the implications of rapid growth of e-commerce for traditional retail businesses in India? Discuss the regulatory challenges.

Discuss the challenges and opportunities in India's transition to renewable energy. How can India achieve its climate commitments under the Paris Agreement?

Examine the causes and consequences of growing left-wing extremism in India and suggest measures to address this challenge.

Analyse the impact of demonetisation on the Indian economy. What are the long-term structural changes it has brought about?

Discuss the significance and challenges of India's biodiversity conservation efforts. How effective has the Protected Area network been?

Discuss the growing threat of drug trafficking and its links to other forms of organised crime in India. What measures are required to tackle this menace?

Discuss the significance of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in strengthening India's disaster preparedness and response framework.

"The simplest act of paying taxes is an act of highest ethical responsibility towards society." Comment.

In the context of the growing significance of emotional intelligence in effective administration, discuss the core components of emotional intelligence and how they help civil servants in handling conflicts and building teams.

What is meant by 'moral intuition'? How does it differ from moral reasoning? Can moral intuitions be trusted as a basis for ethical decision-making? Discuss.

Discuss the role of 'conscience' as a moral guide in the ethical conduct of a civil servant. Can conscience override rules and regulations?

"Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, and knowledge without integrity is dangerous and dreadful." — Samuel Johnson. Discuss the statement in the context of civil services.

What is 'street-level bureaucracy'? Discuss how the ethical choices of street-level bureaucrats shape policy outcomes.

Discuss the ethical dimensions of climate change and the responsibilities of the present generation towards future generations.

What do you understand by 'ethical leadership'? How does it differ from merely having ethical values? Illustrate with examples from governance.

You are a District Magistrate. During a severe drought, you discover that a prominent local politician has been diverting drought relief funds to his supporters rather than to the most affected villages. The politician has significant influence over your transfers and promotions. Examine the ethical issues involved and discuss the course of action you would take.

You are a senior officer in a public sector bank. Your branch manager, who is also your close friend, has been giving loans to ineligible borrowers in exchange for kickbacks. He requests you not to report this as it will destroy his career and family. The amount involved is substantial and public money is at stake. What are the ethical issues involved and what would be your course of action?

You are a collector of a district. A large infrastructure project is proposed in a tribal area which will displace 5,000 tribal people but will bring significant employment and development to the region. The tribals are opposed to the displacement. You must submit a report recommending or opposing the project. Discuss the ethical dilemmas involved and the approach you would take.

You are posted as a director in the ministry of health. You come across a situation where a pharmaceutical company is pressurising your junior officer to approve a drug without proper clinical trial data. The junior officer comes to you for guidance. What ethical issues do you see in this situation? What would be your course of action?

Discuss the ethical significance of 'forgiveness' as a personal virtue and its relevance in public life and governance.

Discuss the ethical challenges of 'digital divide' in the context of digital governance. How can a civil servant ensure inclusive digital service delivery?

"Courage is not simply one of the virtues, but the form of every virtue at the testing point." — C.S. Lewis. Elucidate in the context of ethical behaviour in public service.

Explain the causes and effects of the subsidence of Delhi. What are the measures to be taken to prevent the aggravation of subsidence?

What are the main characteristics of the Indo-Gangetic Plain and why is it considered the heartland of India?

Discuss the significance of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment in transforming the functioning of Panchayati Raj Institutions in India.

What are the characteristics of the Scheduled Tribes in India and what are the challenges faced by them?

How have the major ports of India contributed to the nation's economic development? Discuss.

What are the impacts of El Nino on India's monsoon and agricultural production? Discuss.

The Sangam literature provides valuable insights into the early Tamil society and polity. Discuss.

Discuss the main features of Vijayanagara art and architecture.

Discuss how the decline of the Mughal Empire contributed to the rise of regional powers in India.

Assess the contributions of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in the social and educational reforms in India.

Analyze the circumstances that led to the partition of India in 1947. What lessons can be drawn from the traumatic experience of partition?

What is the significance of the women's movement in India? Has it been able to solve the problems faced by women in India?

Discuss the role of the underground water in the formation of different types of landforms in various climatic conditions.

Discuss the salient features of the world's physical geography that influence cultural patterns.

Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of 'multilateralism'? How can India contribute to the revamping of the global governance structures?

Discuss the impact of post-war economic recovery on the process of decolonization in Asia and Africa.

Analyze the impact of global warming on the coral life system with examples.

Why is the increasing frequency of urban floods a cause of concern? Discuss the socio-economic implications with suitable examples.

Why is caste still a major factor in shaping social life in urban India? Discuss.

Discuss the contributions of Chola art and architecture to the cultural heritage of India.

The Indian Constitution has provision for holding Joint Sitting of the two Houses of the Parliament. Enumerate the occasions when this would normally happen and also the occasions when it cannot, even if there is a constitutional requirement to do so.

The appropriate local self-governing institutions have been established in India but their development as units of self-governance has not kept pace with the constitutional mandate. Critically examine.

'Unimplementation of the constitutional provisions relating to the Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes leads to continued marginalisation.' Examine.

What do you understand by the concept 'freedom of speech and expression'? Does it cover hate speech also? Why do films in India stand on a slightly different plane from other forms of expression? Discuss.

Discuss the role of the National Commission for Backward Classes in the wake of the Constitution (One Hundred and Second Amendment) Act, 2018.

Is the National Commission for Women able to strategically position itself to achieve the goals of women's empowerment in the current socio-political scenario? Critically evaluate.

Examine the role of the Election Commission of India in the light of the evolution of the Model Code of Conduct.

Do you think that the Constitution of India does not accept the principle of strict separation of powers rather it is based on the principle of 'checks and balances'? Analyse.

The language of politics and administration in India is predominantly dominated by one language. Discuss.

Enumerate the reasons for the decline in India's ranking in the Ease of Doing Business Report. How can ease of doing business be enhanced?

Discuss the various social problems which originated out of the speedy process of urbanisation in India.

The issue of illegal immigration has always been a sensitive topic in India. Discuss the various aspects of the problem and also suggest measures to deal with it.

'Women's movement in India has not addressed the issues of poor and underprivileged women.' You may agree or disagree with this statement, but justify your answer.

Discussion in the Indian Parliament is not only on contemporary issues but also on eternal questions. Elucidate.

Which of the following reforms are most urgently needed in India: Electoral reforms, economic reforms, or social reforms? Justify your choice.

Global governance has failed in its duty to ensure universal human rights. Comment.

What are the challenges to our cultural practices in the name of the environment? How can we strike a balance between the cultural practices and the environmental realities?

How have the Indian elections become a 'multi-party race'? What are the benefits of this? Explain.

How does the concept of sustainable development goals (SDGs) align with the vision of New India?

In the context of India, what are the barriers that prevent the empowerment of women? How can the self-help groups (SHGs) be used as an instrument of their empowerment?

What is the significance of Quantum Computing in the present-day world? What are the threats it poses in relation to the security of cryptographic systems?

What are the research and developmental achievements in applied biotechnology? How will these benefit the society?

What is the present status of India's Space Program? Discuss the benefits of commercial utilization of space.

What are the main bottlenecks in the upstream and downstream process of inclusive growth in India?

How does the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise sector contribute to India's socio-economic development? Discuss the challenges and prospects of MSMEs.

What are the objectives of National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) of the Government of India? Discuss the challenges in its implementation.

Discuss the potential of India's inland waterways for freight transport. What are the challenges and what measures have been taken to develop this sector?

Analyze the vulnerability of India to earthquake disasters and mention the various factors responsible for making the country prone to earthquakes.

What is the significance of the Wetland Ecosystem in India? What are the major threats to wetlands in India and what measures have been taken to protect them?

Examine the role of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in disaster preparedness and mitigation in India.

What are the economic implications of the 'Demographic Dividend' in India? How can India better harness this demographic advantage for its economic growth?

Discuss the major challenges to national security in India. What are the various measures that can be adopted to address these challenges?

Analyze the effect of land reforms, the green revolution, and the liberalization of the economy on food security in India.

How are science and technology contributing to disaster management in India?

What do you understand by the term 'Critical Information Infrastructure' (CII)? What are the challenges faced in protection of CII in India?

Discuss the role of social media in internal security challenges in India.

Discuss the contribution of Indian space programme to agricultural development.

How do the India's existing policies and its implementation hinder the path to sustainable development?

What are the causes and consequences of flooding in Delhi?

Analyze the main features of the Forest Rights Act 2006 and examine its implementation status in India.

Many public officials feel that ethical conduct and professional success are incompatible. Discuss the factors responsible for this perception and suggest measures to overcome it.

Explain the concept of emotional intelligence and its importance for a civil servant.

Attitude is a 'predisposition' to act in a certain way. Explain with examples the concept of 'cognitive dissonance' in attitudes.

In the context of ethical decision-making, discuss the role of conscience as a 'moral faculty'. What are the hindrances in the smooth functioning of the conscience of a person?

What do you understand by 'moral integrity'? How does it differ from 'professional integrity'? How can they be cultivated in a civil servant?

What are the main sources of ethical guidance that are available to a public servant in India? Examine their relative importance.

Explain the concept of 'constitutional morality'. How does it differ from social morality? Illustrate with examples.

Discuss the role of 'Niti' and 'Nyaya' in evaluating the impact of development programmes.

Discuss the significance of probity in public life with suitable illustrations.

Elucidate the relationship between law and ethics in the context of a pluralistic society.

CASE STUDY: You are the District Magistrate of a tribal district with rich mineral deposits. A large mining company has proposed a project that will displace 5,000 tribal families. The project has all requisite clearances and will create 2,000 jobs and significant state revenue. Tribal groups oppose it strongly citing cultural and livelihood disruption. Your superior officers support the project. What are the ethical issues involved? How will you proceed?

CASE STUDY: You are posted as an officer in a public sector department. You come across documents suggesting that your immediate superior has been awarding contracts to a firm in which his relative has a financial interest — a clear conflict of interest. The superior is highly regarded politically. You have a family dependent on your income and a mortgage. What are the ethical dilemmas involved? What course of action will you take?

CASE STUDY: You are a senior IPS officer heading a district police unit. During an investigation, you discover that a trusted colleague of equal rank is running a protection racket for an illegal sand and mineral mining network in the district. The racket involves regular cash payments to your colleague from mine operators in exchange for advance warnings about raids. You also learn that a local MLA, who is influential in the ruling party, is a silent partner in several of these mining operations. Your colleague is well-liked, and you have served together for fifteen years. When you approached your senior officer to report the matter, you were told informally to 'not rock the boat' as elections are approaching. You have reason to believe that whistleblowing could result in adverse transfers and possible threat to your personal safety. Identify the ethical issues. What course of action will you take?

CASE STUDY: You are a civil servant posted as the District Programme Officer overseeing the implementation of the Mid-Day Meal scheme in a district. An inspection team you deployed reports that the government contractor supplying food to 300 primary schools has been adulterating meals with substandard ingredients — using expired grains, cheap palm oil instead of specified refined oil, and reducing the mandated protein content. Blood tests on 40 children from three schools show mild nutritional deficiencies consistent with the adulteration. The contractor has close ties to the ruling party at the state level and your predecessor who awarded the contract is still a senior officer in the state capital. When you initiate action to terminate the contract, you receive calls from two state-level functionaries asking you to 'go slow' on the matter. Identify all ethical issues. How would you proceed?

CASE STUDY: You are posted as the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) of a government district hospital. Over six months, you accumulate evidence that several senior doctors at your hospital are engaged in systematic private practice during their official duty hours. Patients at the government OPD are being told by doctors that the government hospital 'cannot treat' their conditions, and they are then directed to the same doctors' private clinics where they pay substantial fees. Three patients — a child with pneumonia, an elderly woman with a fracture, and a man with a heart attack — have died in circumstances that you believe involved delayed or inadequate care because the attending doctors were engaged with private patients. The doctors are politically well-connected; two are personal physicians of the District Collector's family. When you raised this in an internal meeting, you were told to 'manage the situation quietly'. You have received a complaint from the child's family. Identify the ethical issues. What action will you take?

Examine the uniqueness of tribal knowledge system when compared with mainstream knowledge and cultural practices.

Discuss the geophysical characteristics of Circum-Pacific Zone.

Discuss the significance of the Bhakti movement in the cultural and religious life of medieval India.

Evaluate the nature of the Bhoodan movement and the legacy of Acharya Vinoba Bhave.

Discuss the main contributions of Gupta period to the cultural and intellectual life of India.

Explain how the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and the subsequent period of political fragmentation in Europe shaped the course of European history.

Why is India considered a mega diverse country? Discuss the significance of India's biodiversity hotspots.

Analyse the role played by the women in the freedom struggle of India.

Critically examine the various facets of the economic, social and cultural life of medieval India as is evident from the accounts of Ibn Battuta.

Discuss the main socio-economic challenges facing the Indian diaspora in developed countries.

Examine the factors that have contributed to the decline in India's sex ratio and the initiatives taken by the government to address the problem.

Discuss the socio-economic conditions of the people of North-East India. What are the major challenges faced by this region?

Discuss the causes and consequences of the partition of India in 1947.

Discuss the changing status of women in India since independence, with reference to constitutional provisions, legislation and socio-economic indicators.

How is the Indian concept of secularism different from the Western model of secularism? Discuss in the context of India's constitution and practices.

The land resources of India are under great pressure. Discuss the causes and consequences of land degradation, and suggest measures to address the problem.

Discuss the causes of recurring floods in India. What are the remedies?

Analyse the salient features of the Indian economy in the post-independence era with reference to structural changes.

Discuss the characteristics and significance of the Indo-Gangetic Plain as a cultural region of India.

What are the key elements of the Indo-Pacific concept? How does it shape India's foreign policy?

Though the Human Rights Commissions have contributed immensely to the protection of Human Rights in India, yet they have failed to assert themselves against the mighty and powerful. Analyse the reasons either for their success or failure.

To what extent, in your view, the Parliament is able to ensure accountability of the executive in India? Discuss.

Discuss the significance of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act in the context of local self-governance in India.

Critically examine the role of the Election Commission of India in strengthening democracy.

Discuss the structure and functions of the NITI Aayog, and evaluate its effectiveness as compared to the erstwhile Planning Commission.

Examine the constitutional provisions relating to the appointment of judges to the Supreme Court and the controversy surrounding the collegium system.

Discuss the challenges in the implementation of the Right to Education Act, 2009.

Analyse India's foreign policy towards China in the context of the border standoff at Galwan (2020) and its implications for bilateral relations.

Discuss the provisions of the Representation of People Act, 1951, relating to electoral disqualifications.

Discuss the role of pressure groups and formal associations in influencing the policies of the Government of India.

Evaluate the role of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India in ensuring financial accountability of the Government.

Analyse the evolution of India's foreign policy from Nehruvian non-alignment to strategic autonomy in the contemporary world.

Discuss the provisions of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, and assess its effectiveness in curbing caste-based violence.

Examine India's approach to multilateralism and its engagement with international organisations.

Discuss the constitutional provisions relating to the distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States in India, with reference to the residuary powers.

Examine the role of civil society in governance with reference to social audit mechanisms in India.

Analyse the challenges to India's internal security with reference to insurgency in North-East India and Left Wing Extremism.

Critically examine the nature and features of coalition politics in India since 1989.

Examine the provisions of the National Food Security Act, 2013 and assess its implementation.

Analyse the significance of the Governor's role in Indian Constitutional framework with particular reference to the discretionary powers.

Explain the difference between the contributory and non-contributory social security schemes for the unorganized sector workers in India.

To what extent has the urban planning process responded to the needs of the urban poor in India? Discuss with particular reference to the PMAY (Urban) scheme.

Discuss the potential implications of the entry of private players in the space sector for national security and economic development.

Coastal sand mining, whether legal or illegal, poses one of the biggest threats to our environment. Analyse the impacts of sand mining on the environment and the policies and regulations to address it.

Analyse the vulnerability of India to earthquake-related hazards with special reference to the causes and factors.

Discuss the challenges and opportunities for cryptocurrency regulation in India. What framework would best serve India's financial stability and innovation goals?

Discuss the significance of the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for achieving the goal of 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' and assess its performance.

What is PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan? Examine how it aims to transform infrastructure planning and delivery in India.

What are carbon markets? Examine the opportunities and challenges for India in participating in international carbon trading mechanisms.

What is antimicrobial resistance (AMR)? Discuss the factors contributing to its rise in India and measures to address it.

Examine India's Electric Vehicle (EV) policy framework. What are the key challenges in achieving widespread EV adoption?

Analyse the challenges in agricultural marketing in India and discuss the reforms needed to provide better price realisation to farmers.

What is the Blue Economy? Examine its potential for India and the challenges in harnessing it sustainably.

Discuss India's drone policy and the opportunities and challenges it presents for economic development and national security.

Discuss the threats to India's critical information infrastructure and the measures taken to protect it.

What do you understand by 'hybrid warfare'? Analyse the threats it poses to India's national security and suggest countermeasures.

What are Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) threats? Discuss India's preparedness to deal with CBRN emergencies.

What is the 'One Health' approach? How is it relevant to addressing the challenges of emerging infectious diseases in India?

Examine the phenomenon of 'debt trap diplomacy' attributed to China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). How should India respond to this challenge in its neighbourhood?

Critically examine the challenges and opportunities of harnessing India's demographic dividend for economic growth.

What is meant by the term 'constitutional morality'? How does it differ from popular morality? Discuss with the help of examples.

The most important aspect of civilised life is an ability to understand and share another person's pain, difficulties and happiness. With reference to this statement, discuss the role of empathy in public service.

'The true rule, in relation to pleasing, is to make the subject real for yourself, and then it will be impossible for it not to be real to others.' Comment on this statement in the context of public service.

Discuss the role of social influence and persuasion in the formation of attitudes. How does understanding these processes help civil servants in their work?

What are the factors that determine the ethical standards of a society? In your view, are the ethical standards in Indian society improving? Justify your answer.

What does 'accountability' mean in the context of public service? Explain the various dimensions of accountability and how they are ensured in the Indian governance system.

Explain the concept of 'work-life balance'. Discuss what steps can be taken by organisations and individuals to achieve this balance.

Discuss the role of conscience in ethical decision-making in the context of public administration. Can conscience always be trusted as a guide to ethical behaviour?

What do you understand by 'probity' in governance? What are the key elements of probity and how can it be inculcated in civil services?

Explain the ethical issues involved in the use of social media by civil servants. What guidelines should govern the use of social media in public service?

CASE STUDY: You are the District Collector of a remote, tribal district. A major multinational company has proposed a mining project that promises significant employment and revenue for the district but will displace 5,000 tribal families from their ancestral lands. The state government strongly supports the project and has indicated you should expedite clearances. A delegation of tribal leaders meets you and presents evidence that the gram sabhas have not given free, prior and informed consent as required under PESA and the Forest Rights Act. An environmental NGO has submitted a detailed report showing the project's impact on a critical forest watershed. The company has offered a very generous rehabilitation package. Discuss the ethical issues, the legal obligations, and how you would proceed.

CASE STUDY: You are a senior officer in the Ministry of Health. During the review of a national immunisation programme, you discover that a state government has been reporting inflated vaccination coverage figures to claim central funds. The state Health Secretary, whom you know personally, calls you and requests you to overlook the discrepancy, arguing that the state genuinely lacks resources and the money will still be used for health programmes. He implies that raising the issue will harm his career. The Ministry Secretary asks you for your report. Discuss the ethical dimensions and what course of action you would take.

CASE STUDY: You are posted as an Additional Commissioner in a metropolitan city. A real estate developer with political connections proposes to demolish a hundred-year-old heritage building, classified as a Grade II heritage structure, to construct a luxury residential complex. The local corporator and a state minister have called you to 'facilitate' the process. The builder has filed all required applications. However, the Heritage Conservation Committee has not yet given its mandatory No Objection Certificate. A group of architects and heritage conservationists have filed a representation objecting to the demolition. How would you handle this situation?

CASE STUDY: You are a senior officer in the Agriculture Ministry. A major drought has hit several states. You receive a report from a field officer that the District Collector of a badly affected district is mismanaging the drought relief — relief funds are being siphoned, fake beneficiary lists are being submitted, and actual farmers in distress are being turned away. However, the District Collector is a very senior IAS officer close to retirement and has an excellent service record. Your Ministry Secretary asks you to prepare a report on drought relief implementation. What are the ethical considerations and what action would you take?

CASE STUDY: You are the Director of a Central Government scientific research institution. A young scientist in your institute has made a significant discovery that could have commercial applications worth crores. The scientist confides in you that a private company has approached her and offered a large personal payment for the rights to her research. The research was conducted entirely using government facilities and government funding. She asks your advice. What ethical issues does this situation raise and what advice would you give her?

Critically examine the role of WHO in providing global health security during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Examine the factors that have led to the declining effectiveness of Parliament in India. What reforms are required to strengthen legislative functioning?

The Right to Information Act, 2005 has empowered citizens but faces challenges that limit its effectiveness. Discuss.

Discuss the anti-defection law in India. Has it fulfilled its purpose of ensuring political stability while allowing legislators' freedom of conscience?

Discuss the scope and significance of judicial review in India. How does it balance parliamentary sovereignty with constitutional supremacy?

Analyse the changing nature of centre-state relations in India with reference to the principle of cooperative federalism.

Critically examine the functioning of Panchayati Raj Institutions since the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, 1992.

Discuss the challenges associated with providing social security to workers in the unorganised sector in India.

Examine the various dimensions of women's empowerment in India. Identify structural barriers that persist despite policy interventions.

What are the key features of India's Neighbourhood First Policy? Assess its achievements and limitations.

Analyse the trajectory of India-USA relations since 2014. How has the relationship evolved from a partnership to a comprehensive global strategic partnership?

Examine the state of India-China relations after the Galwan Valley clash of 2020. What are the prospects for normalisation?

Examine India's position in WTO disputes and the challenges it faces in protecting its agricultural subsidies and public stockholding programmes.

Examine the significance of UN Security Council reforms for India's aspirations for a permanent seat.

Discuss the urban local bodies' role in providing basic civic services and the challenges they face in resource mobilisation.

Evaluate the implementation of the National Food Security Act, 2013. Are its provisions adequately addressing food security challenges in India?

Analyse the evolution of the concept of cooperative federalism in India through the lens of GST Council and NITI Aayog.

What are the salient provisions of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015? Examine the controversies surrounding the treatment of juveniles in conflict with the law.

Evaluate India's engagement with the ASEAN. How significant is ASEAN to India's Act East Policy?

Critically examine the reservation system in India in the context of equity, social justice, and constitutional provisions. Has reservation achieved its intended objectives?

What is the status of digitization in the Indian economy? Also, examine the factors responsible for the low level of digitization in India.

What were the key objectives of the three farm laws enacted in 2020? Why did they face resistance and what does their withdrawal reveal about agricultural reform in India?

Examine the Minimum Support Price (MSP) policy in India. What reforms are needed to make MSP more effective and equitable?

Analyse the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme. How does it aim to reinvigorate India's manufacturing sector and improve export competitiveness?

Discuss the objectives and implementation challenges of the PM-KISAN scheme. Has it succeeded in doubling farmers' income?

Examine India's fiscal management challenges in the post-COVID period. How can India balance fiscal consolidation with growth-supporting expenditure?

Critically examine India's commitments under the Paris Agreement. How is India balancing climate action with its development aspirations?

Discuss the importance of India's space policy and the role of the private sector in India's space programme.

What are the major cybersecurity threats facing India? Examine the institutional framework for cybersecurity management.

Examine India's defence indigenisation policy. What progress has been made through Atmanirbhar Bharat in reducing import dependence?

Analyse the causes of Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) in India. Critically evaluate the government's strategy to address the Naxal challenge.

Discuss the institutional framework for disaster management in India. How has the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) evolved after the Disaster Management Act, 2005?

Examine India's infrastructure investment challenges. How does the National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) aim to bridge the infrastructure gap?

Evaluate India's industrial policy since 1991. Has liberalisation succeeded in building a globally competitive manufacturing sector?

Discuss the significance of the Jal Jeevan Mission. What are the challenges in achieving universal household tap water connections?

Examine India's biodiversity hotspots and the challenges of balancing conservation with development pressures.

Examine India's nuclear energy policy. What are the prospects of nuclear energy contributing significantly to India's energy mix?

Examine the role of artificial intelligence in India's economic development. What regulatory framework is needed to govern AI responsibly?

Discuss the progress of the National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change. What challenges remain in scaling up solar energy in India?

Evaluate India's approach to flood management. What structural and non-structural measures can reduce flood losses?

Discuss the role of the National Commission for Backward Classes in the wake of the Constitution (One Hundred and Second Amendment) Act, 2018.

Evaluate the governance response to COVID-19 in India. What does the pandemic reveal about India's public health infrastructure?

Examine the role of the Parliament during the COVID-19 pandemic. Were adequate constitutional safeguards maintained?

How did the COVID-19 pandemic test cooperative federalism in India? Assess the Centre-state coordination during the crisis.

Examine the challenges in the effective delivery of welfare schemes in India. What reforms can improve the last-mile delivery of benefits?

Discuss the challenges to the Right to Information Act in the context of the 2019 Amendment. How can the information commission's independence be protected?

Critically examine the need for electoral reforms in India. What reforms would make elections more free, fair, and representative?

Analyse India-China relations in the context of the Galwan Valley confrontation of 2020. What are the long-term implications for India's foreign policy?

Examine the evolution of India-USA relations with reference to recent developments. What are the key areas of convergence and divergence?

Examine the role of ASEAN in regional security and India's strategic interests in South East Asia.

Discuss the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) mandate. How does India's position on refugee protection align with international obligations?

Examine the challenges of international migration and displacement. What is India's role in global migration governance?

Evaluate India's health infrastructure. What structural reforms are needed to build a resilient public health system?

Examine the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020. How does it aim to transform India's education system and what are the implementation challenges?

Discuss the challenges in extending social security to the elderly in India. How effective are existing old-age pension and insurance schemes?

Examine the significance of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments. Have urban and rural local bodies achieved the vision of self-government enshrined in these amendments?

Discuss the significance of India's Indo-Pacific policy. How has India's strategic posture in the Indo-Pacific evolved since 2017?

Examine the constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes in India. Are the provisions of the Fifth Schedule being effectively implemented?

Analyse India's neighbourhood policy with special reference to Nepal and Bangladesh. What are the factors that determine the quality of these bilateral relationships?

Critically examine the role of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India. How effective is legislative oversight of public finances?

What are the main constraints in transport and marketing of agricultural produce in India?

Examine the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on India. What relief and stimulus measures did the government deploy?

Critically examine the concept of Atmanirbhar Bharat. Does it represent a return to protectionism or a new model of economic self-reliance?

Examine the challenges faced by global supply chains during COVID-19. What opportunities did this create for India?

Discuss the challenges faced by MSMEs in India. How do government policies aim to address the credit gap and operational constraints?

Examine India's agriculture reform agenda in the context of the 2020 farm laws. What are the structural issues in Indian agriculture that reform must address?

Critically examine India's climate change commitments under the Paris Agreement. How is India positioned as a climate actor in global negotiations?

Examine India's nuclear energy policy. What are the challenges in expanding nuclear power's contribution to India's energy mix?

What are the emerging threats from cybercrime in India? Examine the legal and institutional framework for countering cybercrime.

Examine India's border infrastructure development. How does it contribute to national security and economic integration of border areas?

Discuss the significance of wetlands in India's ecosystem. What challenges do wetlands face and how is India addressing wetland conservation?

Analyse the causes and consequences of urban flooding in India. What measures are needed for effective urban flood management?

Examine the fiscal stimulus measures taken by the Indian government to revive the economy during COVID-19. Were they adequate and well-targeted?

Examine the origins and design of the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme. Which sectors show the highest potential and what are the implementation challenges?

Examine India's approach to sustainable development. How is India integrating environmental sustainability into its economic development planning?

Critically examine India's space policy and the role of ISRO in India's strategic objectives. How is India emerging as a significant space power?

Discuss India's energy security challenges. How is the transition to renewable energy addressing both energy security and climate commitments?

Examine the role of technology in transforming India's agricultural sector. What are the opportunities and limitations of precision agriculture?

Examine the problem of non-performing assets (NPAs) in India's banking system. What policy measures have been taken to address the NPA crisis?

Critically examine the role of public-private partnerships (PPP) in infrastructure development in India. What reforms are needed to revive PPP investment?

How far is the Supreme Court of India consistent in treating the Right to Privacy as a Fundamental Right? Discuss with the help of relevant case laws.

How is the Government of India protecting traditional knowledge of medicine from patenting by pharmaceutical companies?

Enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of the 'Minimum Support Price' (MSP) programme.

All human beings aspire for happiness. Do you agree? What does happiness mean to you? Explain with examples.

What does ethics seek to promote in human life? Why is it all the more important in public administration?

In the context of defence services, 'patriotism' demands readiness to even lay down one's life in protecting the nation. According to you, what does patriotism imply in everyday civil life? Explain with illustrations and justify your answer.

What do you understand by 'probity' in public life? What are the difficulties in practicing it in the present times? How can these difficulties be overcome?

"Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, but knowledge without integrity is dangerous and dreadful." What do you understand by this statement? Explain your stand with illustrations from the modern context.

"Human beings should always be treated as 'ends' in themselves and never as merely 'means'." Explain the meaning and significance of this statement, giving its implications in the modern techno-economic society.

Which eminent personality has inspired you the most in the context of ethical conduct in life? Give the gist of his/her teachings. Giving specific examples, describe how you have been able to apply these teachings for your own ethical development.

There is a heavy ethical responsibility on the public servants because they occupy positions of power, handle huge amounts of public funds, and their decisions have wide-ranging impact on society and environment. What steps have you taken to improve your ethical competence to handle such responsibility?

The current society is plagued with widespread trust-deficit. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can you do at the personal level to make yourself trustworthy?

It is often said that poverty leads to corruption. However, there is no dearth of instances where affluent and powerful people indulge in corruption in a big way. What are the basic causes of corruption among people? Support your answer with examples.

What factors affect the formation of a person's attitude towards social problems? In our society, contrasting attitudes are prevalent about many social problems. What contrasting attitudes do you notice about the caste system in our society? How do you explain the existence of these contrasting attitudes?

What does 'accountability' mean in the context of public service? What measures can be adopted to ensure individual and collective accountability of public servants?

We are witnessing increasing instances of sexual violence against women in the country. Despite existing legal provisions against it, the number of such incidences is on the rise. Suggest some innovative measures to tackle this menace.

Now-a-days, there is an increasing thrust on economic development all around the globe. At the same time, there is also an increasing concern about environmental degradation caused by development. Many a time, we face a direct conflict between developmental activity and environmental quality. It is neither feasible to stop or curtail the developmental process, nor it is advisable to keep degrading the environment, as it threatens our very survival. Discuss some feasible strategies which could be adopted to eliminate this conflict and which could lead to sustainable development.

Suppose one of your close friends, who is also aspiring for civil services, comes to you for discussing some of the issues related to ethical conduct in public service. He raises the following points: In the present times, when unethical environment is quite prevalent, individual attempts to stick to ethical principles may cause a lot of problems in one's career. It may also cause hardship to the family members as well as risk to one's life. Why should we not be pragmatic and follow the path of least resistance, and be happy with doing whatever good we can? When so many people are adopting wrong means and are grossly harming the system, what difference would it make if only a small minority tries to be ethical? They are going to be rather ineffective and are bound to get frustrated. If we become fussy about ethical considerations, will it not hamper the economic progress of our country? After all, in the present age of high competition, we cannot afford to be left behind in the race of development. It is understandable that we should not get involved in grossly unethical practices, but giving and accepting small gratifications and doing small favours increases everybody's motivation. It also makes the system more efficient. What is wrong in adopting such practices? Critically analyze the above viewpoints. On the basis of this analysis, what will be your advice to your friend?

You are a no-nonsense, honest officer. You have been transferred to a remote district to head a department that is notorious for its inefficiency and callousness. You find that the main cause of the poor state of affairs is the indiscipline of a section of employees. They do not work themselves and also disrupt the working of others. You first warned the troublemakers to mend their ways or else face disciplinary action. When the warning had little effect, you issued a show cause notice to the ringleaders. As a retaliatory measure, these troublemakers instigated a woman employee amongst them to file a complaint of sexual harassment against you with the Women's Commission. The Commission promptly seeks your explanation. The matter is also publicized in the media to embarrass you further. Some of the options to handle this situation could be as follows: Give your explanation to the Commission and go soft on the disciplinary action. Ignore the Commission and proceed firmly with the disciplinary action. Brief your higher-ups, seek directions from them and act accordingly. Suggest any other possible option(s). Evaluate all of them and suggest the best course of action, giving your reasons for it.

Suppose you are the CEO of a company that manufactures specialized electronic equipment used by a government department. You have submitted your bid for the supply of this equipment to the department. Both the quality and cost of your offer are better than those of the competitors. Yet the concerned officer is demanding a hefty bribe for approving the tender. Getting the order is important both for you and for your company. Not getting the order would mean closing a production line. It may also affect your own career. However, as a value-conscious person, you do not want to give bribe. Valid arguments can be advanced both for giving the bribe and getting the order, and for refusing to pay the bribe and risking the loss of the order. What those arguments could be? Could there be any better way to get out of this dilemma? If so, outline the main elements of this third way, pointing out its merits.

Rameshwar successfully cleared the prestigious civil services examination and was excited about the opportunity that he would get through the civil services to serve the country. However, soon after joining the services, he realized that things are not as rosy as he had imagined. He found a number of malpractices prevailing in the department assigned to him. For example, funds under various schemes and grants were being misappropriated. The official facilities were frequently being used for personal needs by the officers and staff. After some time, he noticed that the process of recruiting the staff was also not up to the mark. Prospective candidates were required to write an examination in which a lot of cheating was going on. Some candidates were provided external help in the examination. Rameshwar brought these incidents to the notice of his seniors. However, he was advised to keep his eyes, ears and mouth shut and ignore all these things which were taking place with the connivance of the higher-ups. Rameshwar felt highly disillusioned and uncomfortable. He comes to you seeking your advice. Indicate various options that you think are available in this situation. How would you help him to evaluate these options and choose the most appropriate path to be adopted?

In our country, the migration of rural people to towns and cities is increasing drastically. This is causing serious problems both in the rural as well as in the urban areas. In fact, things are becoming really unmanageable. Can you analyze this problem in detail and indicate not only the socio-economic but also the emotional and attitudinal factors responsible for this problem? Also, distinctly bring out why- educated rural youth are trying to shift to urban areas; landless poor people are migrating to urban slums; even some farmers are selling off their land and trying to settle in urban areas taking up petty jobs. What feasible steps can you suggest which will be effective in controlling this serious problem of our country?