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28 May 2026Social Issues3 questions

PM-JANMAN — Implementation Progress for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups

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Article summary

Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN), launched in November 2023 with a ₹24,000 crore outlay over three years, is India's first targeted programme exclusively for the 75 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) — the most marginalised among India's tribal communities. The scheme converges nine central ministries to deliver housing, road connectivity, mobile medical units, Anganwadi centres, and clean drinking water to PVTG habitations across 18 states and one Union Territory. As of November 2024, 1.2 lakh PVTG households had been allocated housing under PMAY-G and 860 km of roads had been constructed or sanctioned.

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recallTests whether you read the article and retained key facts.
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applicationTests whether you can apply the concept to a new scenario.
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analysisTests whether you can reason across multiple related facts.
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Sample questions — answers revealed after test

Social IssuesRecallEasy

Q1. PM-JANMAN, the scheme for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), was launched on 15 November 2023. Which of the following correctly identifies both the significance of that date and the nodal ministry responsible for administering the scheme?

ABirth anniversary of Birsa Munda (Janjatiya Gaurav Divas); nodal ministry is the Ministry of Tribal Affairs
BBirth anniversary of Birsa Munda (Janjatiya Gaurav Divas); nodal ministry is the Ministry of Rural Development
CDeath anniversary of Birsa Munda (Ulgulan Smriti Divas); nodal ministry is the Ministry of Tribal Affairs
DFoundation Day of the Scheduled Tribes welfare movement; nodal ministry is the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
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Social IssuesApplicationMedium

Q2. A district collector in a Fifth Schedule area is coordinating PM-JANMAN delivery for a PVTG habitation. She notes that the habitation has been geo-tagged under the GIS mapping exercise, but the community has not received Forest Rights Act (FRA) recognition for their land. She is considering whether to proceed with constructing pucca houses under PM-JANMAN before FRA titles are issued. Which of the following considerations most accurately captures the legal and governance risk in her proposed approach?

AProceeding without FRA titles may create land tenure vulnerability for PVTG beneficiaries, since housing constructed in forest areas without recognised rights could expose communities to future eviction or legal challenge
BThere is no legal risk because PM-JANMAN operates under a central scheme notification, which overrides the Forest Rights Act for PVTG habitations in Fifth Schedule areas
CThe risk is primarily financial, not legal — unrecognised land means the housing subsidy cannot be released by the Ministry of Rural Development under PMAY norms
DGIS geo-tagging of PVTG habitations under PM-JANMAN automatically confers provisional community forest rights under the Forest Rights Act, resolving the land tenure issue
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Social IssuesAnalysisHard

Q3. Consider the following statements regarding PM-JANMAN and the broader framework for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in India: 1. PVTGs were formerly designated as Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) and were renamed in 2006; India currently has 75 such groups with a combined population of approximately 28 lakh. 2. PM-JANMAN is a centrally sponsored scheme with an outlay of ₹24,000 crore, administered through a single ministry to ensure unified accountability. 3. Fifth Schedule areas under Article 244 provide for Tribes Advisory Councils and the Governor's discretionary powers — the constitutional framework within which PM-JANMAN primarily operates. 4. The PESA Act (1996) grants Gram Sabhas in Scheduled Areas statutory authority over natural resources and local planning, making their participation a constitutional requirement for legitimate welfare delivery in these areas. Which of the statements given above are correct?

A1, 3 and 4 only
B1 and 3 only
C2, 3 and 4 only
D1, 2 and 4 only
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