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29 May 2026Social Issues3 questions

Non-Communicable Diseases Now Cause 66% of Deaths in India — NCD Policy Response Analysis

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Article summary

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) — cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes — now account for approximately 66% of all deaths in India, up from 37% in 1990, according to WHO and ICMR data synthesised in recent UPSC-relevant health analysis. India carries the world's largest absolute burden of diabetes (approx. 101 million cases) and the second-largest burden of cardiovascular deaths. The National Programme for Prevention and Control of NCDs (NP-NCD), operating under Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs), is the primary delivery mechanism, but coverage gaps, workforce constraints, and health behaviour factors continue to drive avoidable NCD mortality.

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recallTests whether you read the article and retained key facts.
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applicationTests whether you can apply the concept to a new scenario.
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analysisTests whether you can reason across multiple related facts.
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Sample questions — answers revealed after test

Social IssuesRecallEasy

Q1. According to the IDF Diabetes Atlas 2021, which of the following statements about India's diabetes burden is correct?

AIndia has approximately 101 million diabetics, the largest absolute number of diabetic individuals in any single country globally.
BIndia has approximately 77 million diabetics, the second-largest absolute number globally after China.
CIndia has approximately 101 million diabetics, but this represents the second-largest absolute number globally after the United States.
DIndia has approximately 134 million diabetics, the largest absolute number globally, as per the IDF Diabetes Atlas 2021.
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Social IssuesApplicationMedium

Q2. A state government official is designing a district-level NCD management programme and proposes to use Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) as the primary financing mechanism to reduce out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) for diabetic and hypertensive patients. Which of the following identifies the most critical structural limitation of this approach?

APM-JAY does not cover rural populations and therefore cannot address the NCD burden among the rural poor, who are the most affected demographic.
BPM-JAY covers only inpatient hospitalisation and therefore excludes outpatient medicine costs, which constitute the dominant recurring expenditure for NCD patients requiring lifelong medication.
CPM-JAY is administered by the National Health Authority under the Ministry of Finance, creating a jurisdictional conflict with NCD programmes run by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
DPM-JAY's benefit package does not include cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, making it structurally inapplicable to NCD management at the district level.
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Social IssuesAnalysisHard

Q3. Consider the following statements regarding India's Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) burden and policy response: 1. Non-communicable diseases currently account for approximately 66% of all deaths in India, compared to approximately 37% in 1990, representing a near-doubling of the NCD share of mortality over three decades. 2. India's National Programme for Prevention and Control of NCDs (NP-NCD) operates under the National Health Mission and delivers services through Health and Wellness Centres, which are staffed by Community Health Officers trained through a one-year bridge course. 3. India's SDG 3.4 target requires a one-third reduction in premature NCD mortality — defined as deaths occurring between ages 30 and 70 — by 2030 relative to the 2015 baseline, and WHO tracking as of 2024 indicates India is on track to meet this target. 4. Ambient air pollution (PM2.5) is classified by WHO as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases, and India's National Clean Air Programme set an original target of 20–30% reduction in PM2.5 concentrations by 2024. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

A1 and 4 only
B1, 2, and 4 only
C2 and 3 only
D1, 3, and 4 only
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