11 Years of Digital India: Better Healthcare & Digital Markets Making Lives Easier
UPSC-standard MCQs with explanations, trap analysis, and approach guide. Answer after the test — not before.
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Article summary
On July 1, 2026, India marked 11 years of the Digital India programme, launched in 2015 under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), highlighting transformative gains in digital healthcare delivery and open digital commerce. The programme's healthcare pillar, anchored by e-Sanjeevani — India's national telemedicine platform — has crossed over 35 crore teleconsultations since its launch in 2019, making it the world's largest government-run telemedicine service. The Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC), a government-backed interoperable protocol launched in 2022, has democratised e-commerce by enabling small retailers and kirana stores to compete on a level digital playing field against large platform monopolies. Together, these initiatives represent India's Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) model — a stack-based approach combining identity (Aadhaar), payments (UPI), and sectoral applications — which has attracted global attention as a replicable development template. For UPSC aspirants, this event is a live case study intersecting GS3 economic development, GS2 governance, and the broader India Stack narrative that frequently appears in Mains and Essay papers.
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Sample questions — answers revealed after test
Q1. With reference to the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC), which one of the following statements is correct?
Q2. A Parliamentary Standing Committee is reviewing India's Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) architecture and needs to identify the correct ministry-to-platform mapping for a governance audit. Which of the following mappings is entirely correct?
Q3. Consider the following statements regarding Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) in India: 1. The Aadhaar Act, 2016, was passed as a Money Bill under Article 110 of the Constitution, a classification upheld by a majority of the Supreme Court in the Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Aadhaar) judgment of 2018. 2. The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) and e-Sanjeevani are functionally identical, both operating under MoHFW to provide the same telemedicine service. 3. India Stack is governed by a single nodal ministry — MeitY — which exercises unified administrative control over Aadhaar, UPI, DigiLocker, eSign, and ABDM Health ID. 4. e-Sanjeevani operates through two distinct models: a Hub-and-Spoke model connecting Health and Wellness Centres, and an OPD model enabling direct patient-to-doctor teleconsultation. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?