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19 Jul 2026POLITY3 questions

A Constitution Amendment, a Merger and an Agitation: Parliament's Monsoon Session Opens

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Article summary

Parliament's Monsoon Session opens with the government pushing a renewed Constitution Amendment Bill addressing women's reservation and delimitation, against an unusually contested backdrop. The Lok Sabha Speaker has cleared the merger of six Shiv Sena (UBT) members with the Eknath Shinde-led Shiv Sena and ordered separate seating for twenty rebel Trinamool Congress members whose claim to recognition as a distinct parliamentary party remains pending, altering the arithmetic of the House on the eve of the session. An agitation continues outside. A Bill amending the Constitution requires the special majority under Article 368 — a majority of the total membership of each House and two-thirds of members present and voting — and where it affects the representation of states in Parliament, ratification by not less than one-half of the state legislatures. That threshold makes the session's outcome a test of numbers rather than of intent.

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recallTests whether you read the article and retained key facts.
1Q
applicationTests whether you can apply the concept to a new scenario.
1Q
analysisTests whether you can reason across multiple related facts.
1Q

Sample questions — answers revealed after test

POLITYRecallEasy

Q1. With reference to the summoning and duration of parliamentary sessions, which one of the following statements is correct?

AThe Constitution prescribes a minimum of one hundred sitting days a year for each House.
BArticle 85 requires that six months shall not intervene between the last sitting of one session and the first sitting of the next, and the President summons each House.
CThe Speaker of the Lok Sabha summons both Houses at the request of the Prime Minister.
DThe Constitution mandates exactly three sessions each year — Budget, Monsoon and Winter.
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POLITYApplicationMedium

Q2. A Constitution Amendment Bill is passed by the Lok Sabha with the required special majority but secures only a simple majority in the Rajya Sabha. What follows?

AThe Bill is deemed passed, the Lok Sabha's decision prevailing as with a Money Bill.
BA joint sitting of both Houses is convened under Article 108 to resolve the disagreement.
CThe Bill is referred to the state legislatures, a majority of which may ratify it in place of the Rajya Sabha.
DThe Bill fails, since Article 368 requires the special majority in each House separately and provides no joint sitting for amendment Bills.
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POLITYAnalysisHard

Q3. Consider the following statements regarding constitutional amendments: 1. An amendment affecting the representation of States in Parliament requires ratification by the legislatures of not less than one-half of the States. 2. In Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), the Supreme Court held that the amending power under Article 368 cannot be used to alter the basic structure of the Constitution. 3. An amendment that satisfies the special majority and, where applicable, the ratification requirement, is thereby immune from judicial challenge. Which of the statements given above are correct?

A1 only
B2 and 3 only
C1 and 2 only
D1, 2 and 3
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