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19 Jul 2026POLITY3 questions

The Quota That Waits for a Census: Why Women's Reservation Is Still Not in Force

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Article summary

The Supreme Court has sought the Centre's response on a public interest petition seeking implementation of the Women's Reservation Act before the 2029 Lok Sabha elections without waiting for a fresh delimitation exercise. The Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023 reserves one-third of directly elected seats in the Lok Sabha, state legislative assemblies and the Delhi Assembly for women, but Article 334A conditions its commencement on a delimitation undertaken after the first census published following the Act's commencement. A gazette notification of 16 April 2026 brought the Act into force, yet the reservation itself remains inoperative pending that sequence. The DMK has meanwhile argued that the quota should apply on the Lok Sabha's current strength and sought assurances that delimitation will not reduce southern states' representation. Both questions now converge on the Monsoon Session.

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recallTests whether you read the article and retained key facts.
1Q
applicationTests whether you can apply the concept to a new scenario.
1Q
analysisTests whether you can reason across multiple related facts.
1Q

Sample questions — answers revealed after test

POLITYRecallEasy

Q1. To which bodies does the reservation of seats for women under the Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023 apply?

AThe Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha and all State Legislative Councils.
BOnly the Lok Sabha, State legislatures being left to make their own provision.
CThe Lok Sabha, the State Legislative Assemblies and the Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi — all being directly elected.
DPanchayats and municipalities, extending the existing local-body reservation to one-third.
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POLITYApplicationMedium

Q2. Southern States have sought protection against any adverse effect of a fresh delimitation. Which one of the following best explains the basis of that anxiety?

ADelimitation would abolish the reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in those States.
BSeat allocation among States has been frozen on 1971 census figures since the 84th Amendment, so redrawing on current population would shift seats toward States whose population grew faster — penalising those that stabilised growth earliest.
CDelimitation is conducted by the Union executive without any statutory commission, giving southern States no representation in the process.
DA fresh delimitation would reduce the total strength of the Lok Sabha, and the reduction would fall entirely on southern States.
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POLITYAnalysisHard

Q3. Consider the following statements: 1. Reservation for women in panchayats and municipalities under Articles 243D and 243T has operated since 1992 without any delimitation trigger. 2. That experience demonstrates that a rotational one-third reservation is administratively workable on an existing constituency map. 3. Because the 106th Amendment adopts the same mechanism as the panchayat reservation, its commencement is likewise automatic on the Act coming into force. Which of the statements given above are correct?

A1 and 2 only
B1 only
C2 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3
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