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31 Jul 2026SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY3 questions

Three Satellites Short: Why NavIC Can Still Tell the Time but No Longer Tell You Where You Are

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Article summary

The Government informed Parliament in late July 2026 that NavIC, India's regional satellite navigation system, cannot currently provide standalone positioning services. Only three satellites remain operational for positioning, navigation and timing: IRNSS-1B, IRNSS-1I and NVS-01. A receiver needs signals from at least four satellites to fix a position, because it must solve for three spatial coordinates plus its own clock error, so three satellites are geometrically insufficient. The immediate trigger was the failure of the last atomic clock aboard IRNSS-1F in March 2026, extending a pattern of clock failures that has dogged the constellation since 2017. NavIC continues to broadcast timing signals and emergency messages, and the armed forces operate on hybrid GNSS receivers that draw on multiple constellations. ISRO has NVS-03 ready for launch, with NVS-04 and NVS-05 in advanced stages.

What this tests

recallTests whether you read the article and retained key facts.
1Q
applicationTests whether you can apply the concept to a new scenario.
1Q
analysisTests whether you can reason across multiple related facts.
1Q

Sample questions — answers revealed after test

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYRecallEasy

Q1. NavIC, India's regional navigation system, is designed around a constellation of how many satellites, and covers which area?

ASeven satellites, covering India and about 1,500 km beyond its borders
BTwenty-four satellites, providing global coverage
CThree satellites, covering only the Indian landmass
DTwelve satellites, covering the Indian Ocean region only
Answer revealed after you submit the test
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYApplicationMedium

Q2. Why must a satellite navigation receiver have signals from at least four satellites to fix its position?

ABecause one satellite is always held in reserve as a backup
BBecause the receiver must solve for four unknowns — latitude, longitude, altitude and its own clock error — which needs four independent measurements
CBecause four satellites are required to transmit sufficient data bandwidth
DBecause four satellites are needed to cover the whole visible sky
Answer revealed after you submit the test
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYAnalysisHard

Q3. Consider the following statements about the NavIC shortfall: 1. Repeated failures of onboard rubidium atomic clocks have been the principal cause of attrition in the constellation. 2. A satellite whose clocks have failed remains in orbit but is unusable for navigation. 3. Because NavIC cannot currently provide standalone positioning, Indian users and the armed forces have lost access to satellite navigation. Which of the statements given above are correct?

A1 and 2 only
B1 only
C2 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3
Answer revealed after you submit the test