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Q74·CSAT · Prelims 2022

Finding the highest power of 3 in a factorial product

NumericalNumber System (Highest Power)Factual singleMedium

Question

If 15 × 14 × 13 × ... × 3 × 2 × 1 = 3^m × n where m and n are positive integers, then what is the maximum value of m?

Options

a

7

b

6

Answer
c

5

d

4

Explanation

The problem asks for the maximum power of the prime number 3 that divides 15! (15 factorial) completely.

Use Legendre's Formula to find the exponent of a prime p inside N!: E_p(N!) = \lfloor N/p \rfloor + \lfloor N/p² \rfloor + \lfloor N/p³ \rfloor + \dots

Substitute N = 15 and p = 3: m = \lfloor 15/3 \rfloor + \lfloor 15/9 \rfloor + \lfloor 15/27 \rfloor m = 5 + 1 + 0 = 6.

The maximum power of 3 contained within the product is exactly 6.

The exponent of any prime factor p inside a factorial N! is found by repeatedly dividing N by consecutive powers of p and summing the integer quotients.

Answer: (b).

Question details

Year

2022

Paper

CSAT

Question

Q74

Section

Numerical Ability

Sub-topic

Number System (Highest Power)

Type

Factual single

Difficulty

Medium

Source hint

15x14x...x1 = 3^m * n

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