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Q6667/80Q68
Q67·CSAT · Prelims 2024

Evaluating data sufficiency for determining an original price before discount

DI / DSProfit & LossStatement-basedMedium

Question

A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements. There are three distinct prime numbers whose sum is a prime number. Question: What are those three numbers? Statement-I: Their sum is less than 23. Statement-II: One of the numbers is 5.

Options

a

The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone

b

The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone

c

The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone

d

The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together

Answer

Explanation

We require three distinct primes p_1, p_2, p_3 whose sum S = p_1 + p_2 + p_3 is also prime. For a sum of three integers to be an odd prime, the set must contain the only even prime, 2. If all three were odd, their sum would be odd + odd + odd = odd, which can be prime. Wait, let's re-verify the parity: Odd + Odd + Odd = Odd, so a set of three odd primes can sum to an odd prime (e.g., 3 + 5 + 11 = 19).

Let's test the statements: Statement I: S < 23. Possible combinations yielding prime sums < 23:

\{2, 3, 7\} \rightarrow S = 12 (Composite - invalid)
\{2, 3, 13\} \rightarrow S = 18 (Composite - invalid)
\{3, 5, 11\} \rightarrow S = 19 (Prime \rightarrow Valid)
\{2, 3, 6\} (6 not prime)
\{2, 5, 11\} \rightarrow S = 18 (Composite)
\{2, 3, 17\} \rightarrow S = 22 (Composite)

Is \{3, 5, 11\} the only one? What about \{2, 3, 5\} \rightarrow S = 10 (No). What about \{2, 7, 11\} \rightarrow S = 20 (No). What about \{2, 5, 7\} \rightarrow S = 14 (No). Thus, \{3, 5, 11\} appears to be unique under 23 if all elements are distinct primes. Let's double check if there are others. What about \{2, 3, 11\} = 16 (No). What about \{2, 5, 13\} = 20 (No).

Let's check if Statement I alone isolates \{3, 5, 11\}. If it does, Statement I is sufficient. Let's re-verify if any other triplet works. What about \{2, 7, 13\} = 22 (No). So \{3, 5, 11\} is the unique solution under 23. This would make Statement I alone sufficient, pointing to option (a).

Always rigorously test all possible small prime combinations when an upper bound like 23 is provided, to check if the solution space collapses to a single unique triplet.

Answer: a

Question details

Year

2024

Paper

CSAT

Question

Q67

Section

Data Interpretation & Sufficiency

Sub-topic

Profit & Loss

Type

Statement-based

Difficulty

Medium

Source hint

Data sufficiency evaluation

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