Evaluating assumptions about global energy transitions

Evaluate the underlying logic of both statements against the selection. Statement 1 claims the author views flowers as "creations of Nature's luxury". This is invalid; the text attributes the flower's features entirely to cold, functional biological evolution—specifically, to attract insects for resource-efficient pollination[cite: 2428, 2429]. Statement 2 asserts that the author sees no utility in flowers except as objects of beauty. This completely reverses the passage's argument, which directly emphasizes the flower's reproductive utility while dismissing its beauty as an incidental human invention[cite: 2429, 2430]. Hence, neither assumption is valid .

Answer: (d).