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Q51·CSAT · Prelims 2026

Logic — Analytical Argument Consistency

ReasoningStatement-ConclusionStatement-ConclusionMedium

Question

Consider the following three statements, namely S1, S2 and S3: S1. Protecting the environment is an existential exigency for humans, given the impact of environmental degradation on climate change. S2. Scientific consensus has not been achieved with regard to the extent of the contribution of human intervention to climate change. S3. Environmental activism includes climate alarmism and other extremist points of view that often become the focus of climate change deniers. Which of the following relationships based on the statements given above is/are correct? [cite: 4541, 4601, 4602, 4603, 4604, 4625]

1S3 is a counterpoint to S1 [cite: 4558, 4629]
2S3 is unconnected to S1 and S2 [cite: 4567, 4631]
3S2 could be the reason for S3 [cite: 4569, 4640]

Select the answer using the code given below.

Options

a

2 and 3 only

b

1, 2 and 3

c

1 and 2 only

d

3 only

Answer

Explanation

Let us analyze the logical relationships between the statements:

Relationship 1 is incorrect: S1 states that environmental protection is vital due to climate change impacts[cite: 4542, 4602]. S3 notes that some activism features alarmism that becomes a focus for deniers[cite: 4544, 4604]. S3 critiques the tactics of activists rather than acting as a direct logical counterpoint to S1's claim about environmental protection [cite: 4542, 4544, 4602, 4604].
Relationship 2 is incorrect: S3 mentions 'climate change deniers' [cite: 4544, 4604], whose skepticism often leverages the lack of absolute scientific consensus mentioned in S2[cite: 4543, 4603]. Therefore, the statements share contextual links and are not completely unconnected.
Relationship 3 is correct: S2 highlights that there is no complete scientific consensus on the exact extent of human impact on climate change[cite: 4543, 4603]. This ongoing scientific debate and lack of absolute certainty can explain or be the reason why some activists adopt alarmist tactics (S3) to force policy action[cite: 4544, 4604], making relationship 3 logically sound.

Since only relationship 3 is correct, option (d) is the correct choice.

Evaluating textual relationships requires distinguishing between arguments that critique advocacy tactics and those that address core scientific facts.

Answer: (d).

Question details

Year

2026

Paper

CSAT

Question

Q51

Section

Logical Reasoning

Sub-topic

Statement-Conclusion

Type

Statement-Conclusion

Difficulty

Medium

Source hint

Logical reasoning — logical consistency and structural relations

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