Mycorrhizal Biotechnology

All three statements are correct. (1) Mycorrhizal fungi extend the root system, increasing absorptive surface area and helping plants access water in dry conditions, reducing drought stress. (2) Mycorrhiza helps plants tolerate pH extremes by enhancing nutrient availability across a wider pH range and buffering soil chemistry. (3) Mycorrhizal associations provide some disease resistance by creating physical barriers and producing antimicrobial compounds. These multiple benefits make mycorrhiza highly valuable for ecological restoration of degraded sites where plants face multiple stressors. > Mycorrhizal symbiosis provides plants with comprehensive stress tolerance: enhanced water-nutrient uptake, pH adaptation, and pathogen resistance - ideal for rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems. Answer: (d).