Nuclear Security Summits and fissile materials

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Nuclear Security Summits are held on an ad hoc basis initiated by national leaders (notably the United States) and are not formally under UN aegis. They are international forums but independent of the UN structure. Statement 2 is incorrect: The International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM) is an independent panel of experts established to analyze fissile material stockpiles and policies; it is not an organ of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). IPFM operates independently to provide expert analysis on nuclear security matters. > KEY INSIGHT: Both the Nuclear Security Summits and IPFM are independent international initiatives not formally structured under UN or IAEA respectively. Answer: (d).