Uses of Biochar in Farming

Biochar is a stable, carbon-rich form of charcoal produced from biomass. It is increasingly used as an amendment in growing mediums, including in vertical farming setups (Statement 1 is correct). Its highly porous structure acts as a safe habitat for beneficial soil microbes, explicitly promoting the growth of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (Statement 2 is correct). The same porous structure drastically increases the water-holding capacity of the soil or growing medium, reducing irrigation needs (Statement 3 is correct). > One-line conceptual takeaway: Biochar acts as a highly porous sponge in soil, simultaneously retaining moisture, sheltering beneficial microbes, and sequestering carbon. Answer: (d).