GS I›AC-1.2.2›Rock-cut caves — Chaityas and Viharas

Rock-cut caves — Chaityas and Viharas

AC-1.2.2Core
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Exam Strategy

UPSC Prelims frequently tests identification of Chaityas vs Viharas, their architectural features, and famous examples like Ajanta and Ellora. Questions focus on structural elements (apsidal halls, prayer halls, columns) and chronology. Common mistake: confusing Chaitya (prayer hall) with Vihara (monastery residence).

High-yield hooks
1

Chaitya = prayer hall with stupa at end

2

Vihara = monastic residence with cells

3

Ajanta-Ellora showcase both types together

4

Horse-shoe arch defines Chaitya design

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Rock-cut evolution: Maurya to Gupta era

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