Five-Year Plans → NITI Aayog transition; SDG mapping
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UPSC tests the institutional shift from centralized Five-Year Plans to NITI Aayog's decentralized framework, often through comparative questions on planning philosophy and SDG integration. Examiners focus on when and why the transition occurred, structural differences, and how SDG mapping altered India's development targets. Common mistake: confusing NITI Aayog's advisory role with the Planning Commission's statutory authority.
12th Plan was last Five-Year Plan; 2015 marked NITI Aayog's establishment
NITI Aayog = think-tank, not command planning; bottom-up vs top-down
SDG mapping links 17 global goals to India's development framework
Aspirational Districts Program reflects NITI's performance-based approach
Shift from uniform targets to state-specific, outcome-focused strategy