Rituals›Prelims GS I›Environment & Ecology›Biodiversity — types, hotspots, threats

Biodiversity hotspots — India's 4 hotspots

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Exam Strategy

UPSC Prelims frequently tests identification of India's biodiversity hotspots by location, endemic species, and conservation status. Questions often focus on which hotspot contains specific fauna/flora or which states fall within hotspot boundaries. Common mistakes include confusing hotspot boundaries, misidentifying endemic species, or conflating hotspots with biosphere reserves.

High-yield hooks
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Western Ghats: highest endemism in India

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Northeast India: tri-junction biodiversity zone

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Indo-Burma: largest hotspot by area

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Sundaland: islands and mangrove diversity

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Four hotspots = 50% India's species richness

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