IUCN red list categories & invasive species
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IUCN Red List categories appear as direct MCQ questions (e.g., 'Which category indicates species extinct in the wild?') and in case studies of threatened species. Invasive species questions test knowledge of specific invasive flora/fauna in India (water hyacinth, lantana, tilapia) and their ecological impacts. Examiners test whether candidates can distinguish between categories and link invasive species to biodiversity threats.
EX, EW, CR, EN, VU, NT, LC — IUCN's seven-step extinction ladder
Invasive species: non-native, self-sustaining, ecologically damaging
India's worst invaders: lantana, water hyacinth, parthenium
Extinct in Wild (EW) vs Extinct (EX) — critical distinction
Invasive Species Act 2016 India framework for management