GHGs, global warming, IPCC; Paris Agreement NDCs

UPSC Prelims consistently tests GHG definitions, IPCC assessment cycles, Paris Agreement mechanisms, and India's NDC targets. Questions focus on factual recall: CO₂ equivalents, warming thresholds (1.5°C vs 2°C), IPCC report significance, and NDC commitment timelines. Avoid confusing NDC submission years, IPCC AR5 vs AR6 findings, or mixing Kyoto Protocol with Paris Agreement frameworks.