Rituals›Prelims GS I›Environment & Ecology›Key environmental legislation

Environment Protection Act 1986; Forest Conservation Act; CRZ

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Exam Strategy

These foundational environmental laws appear frequently in prelims as factual MCQs testing knowledge of enactment years, definitions, scope, and key provisions. Examiners focus on distinguishing between Acts (EPA vs FCA vs CRZ), their constitutional basis, and landmark amendments. Common errors include confusing jurisdictional scope and confusing CRZ notification years.

High-yield hooks
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EPA 1986 — umbrella law, Schedule VIII powers

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FCA 1980 — prior approval for forest diversion

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CRZ 1991 — tidal zones, 500m/1000m demarcation

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Schedule VIII — EPA lists prohibited activities

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EIA notification — mandatory for listed projects

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SCANPOLITY/ENVIRONMENTPOLITY/CONSTITUTIONAL-PROVISIONSCURRENT-AFFAIRS/COASTAL-GOVERNANCE