Weathering, erosion & depositional landforms
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UPSC Prelims frequently tests the classification of weathering types (mechanical, chemical, biological) and formation of specific erosional/depositional landforms like river valleys, deltas, alluvial fans, and glacial features. Examiners focus on matching landform characteristics to their causative processes and geographical distribution across India. Common errors include confusing weathering with erosion and misidentifying landforms from images.
Mechanical weathering = no composition change, chemical = breakdown, biological = organisms
Erosion removes material; deposition creates new landforms
River valleys, deltas, alluvial fans mark depositional zones
Glacial, wind, and wave erosion produce distinct landform signatures
India's Gangetic plains = fluvial deposition; Thar = wind erosion