IVC: geographical spread & major sites

UPSC Prelims frequently tests IVC site identification through map-based MCQs and locational facts. Examiners focus on which sites exemplify which phases (Early, Mature, Late Harappan) and their spatial distribution across the Indus Basin. Common mistakes: confusing site names with their states, mixing up Mature Harappan sites with pre-Harappan settlements, and misremembering the north-south/east-west extent of the civilization.