Govt of India Acts 1858, 1909, 1919, 1935
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UPSC Prelims consistently tests specific provisions and chronological understanding of these Acts as stepping stones to independence. Examiners focus on which Act introduced which reform (Councils, Dyarchy, Federation) and rarely ask isolated facts—usually pair Acts with their key features in MCQs. Common trap: confusing dates or mixing up provisions across Acts.
1858: Crown takes direct control, Secretary of State replaces Company
1909 Morley-Minto: Official majorities end, elected Indian voices enter
1919 Montagu-Chelmsford: Dyarchy splits executive and legislative powers
1935 Government of India Act: Federal structure, provincial autonomy blueprint
Each Act expanded representation but preserved British sovereignty