FR–DPSP conflict & Fundamental Duties
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UPSC tests the conceptual distinction between FR (enforceable) and DPSP (non-enforceable) through conflict scenarios, specific article recall, and the 42nd Amendment watershed moment. Questions often ask which article belongs to which category, impact of DPSP on FR, and Fundamental Duties added in 1976. Avoid conflating DPSP with FR; remember DPSP are directive principles, not justiciable.
FR = enforceable in court; DPSP = guide to legislature, not justiciable
42nd Amendment: supremacy clause prioritized DPSP over FR in certain cases
11 Fundamental Duties (51A) added in 1976 via 42nd Amendment
DPSP Arts 36–51; FR Arts 12–35; Duties Art 51A
Kesavananda Bharati case: limits to constitutional amendment power