National, State, Financial Emergency
P-6.1.1Core
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Exam Strategy
This is a high-frequency topic in UPSC Prelims, typically tested through MCQs on triggering conditions, proclamation procedures, and constitutional provisions. Examiners focus on distinguishing between Article 352, 356, and 360 on procedural grounds and effects. Common trap questions conflate emergency types or their parliamentary approval timelines.
High-yield hooks
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Article 352: National Emergency—External/internal security threat
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Article 356: President's Rule—State government breakdown
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Article 360: Financial Emergency—Economic crisis/credit threat
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28-day rule: Disapproval by both Houses within 28 days
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No FE declared ever: Only National & State used in practice
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SCANPOLITY/EMERGENCY-PROVISIONSPOLITY/CONSTITUTIONAL-POWERSPOLITY/CENTRE-STATE-RELATIONS