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4 Jun 2026Environment & Ecology3 questions

106 Reservoirs Below 40% As Weather Office Flags Weak Monsoon Risk

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Article summary

As of early June 2026, 106 of India's major reservoirs are storing less than 40% of their live storage capacity, coinciding with IMD's forecast that the 2026 southwest monsoon rainfall will be approximately 10% below normal, partly attributed to El Niño conditions in the Pacific Ocean. India's 150 major reservoirs monitored by the Central Water Commission (CWC) are critical lifelines for irrigation, drinking water, and hydropower generation, collectively accounting for a significant share of the country's total live storage capacity. El Niño — a periodic warming of central and eastern Pacific Ocean surface temperatures — historically suppresses Indian monsoon rainfall by disrupting the moisture-laden winds that travel from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal toward the subcontinent. A deficient monsoon compounds existing water stress, threatening kharif crop sowing, raising food inflation risks, and increasing dependence on groundwater, which is already over-exploited in many states. For India, where nearly 50% of net sown area remains rain-fed, a below-normal monsoon has cascading implications for agricultural output, rural livelihoods, and macroeconomic stability.

What this tests

recallTests whether you read the article and retained key facts.
1Q
applicationTests whether you can apply the concept to a new scenario.
1Q
analysisTests whether you can reason across multiple related facts.
1Q

Sample questions — answers revealed after test

Environment & EcologyRecallEasy

Q1. The Central Water Commission (CWC) monitors 150 major reservoirs in India. What is the approximate total live storage capacity of these reservoirs, and what share of India's total estimated live storage capacity does it represent?

A178 BCM, representing about 69% of India's total estimated live storage capacity of 257 BCM
B257 BCM, representing about 69% of India's total estimated live storage capacity of 370 BCM
C178 BCM, representing about 53% of India's total estimated live storage capacity of 334 BCM
D253 BCM, representing about 69% of India's total estimated live storage capacity of 367 BCM
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Environment & EcologyApplicationMedium

Q2. In June 2026, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) forecasts monsoon rainfall at 85% of the Long Period Average (LPA). Simultaneously, 106 of 150 CWC-monitored reservoirs are below 40% of their live storage capacity. Which of the following assessments most accurately applies the relevant definitional and institutional frameworks to this scenario?

AThe forecasted rainfall qualifies as 'deficient' under IMD's classification, and the reservoir shortfall represents a structural gap in carry-over storage that compounds water stress beyond what rainfall deficit alone would cause.
BThe forecasted rainfall at 85% of LPA falls within the 'below normal' category but not 'deficient', since IMD classifies a deficient monsoon as below 80% of the LPA, calculated on data from 1951–2000.
CThe scenario does not constitute an El Niño-driven risk because El Niño is declared only when sea surface temperature anomalies in the Niño 3.4 region exceed 1.0°C above average for five consecutive overlapping three-month periods.
DReservoir levels monitored by CWC are not part of India's drought early warning architecture; drought declaration relies exclusively on IMD rainfall deviation data, making the reservoir shortfall administratively irrelevant to the assessment.
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Environment & EcologyAnalysisHard

Q3. Consider the following statements regarding India's water-food-energy nexus under a deficient monsoon scenario: 1. A below-normal southwest monsoon affects only rain-fed agricultural areas; irrigated areas drawing from major reservoirs remain insulated from rainfall variability. 2. El Niño is associated with suppression of the Indian southwest monsoon because warm sea surface temperature anomalies in the central-eastern Pacific weaken the Walker Circulation, reducing moisture flux towards the Indian subcontinent. 3. IMD's Long Period Average (LPA) for the southwest monsoon season is 87 cm, computed from rainfall data spanning 1971–2020. 4. A deficient monsoon year invariably leads to a below-normal hydropower generation, as most of India's hydropower capacity is run-of-river and independent of reservoir storage levels. Which of the statements given above are correct?

A2 and 3 only
B1, 2 and 3 only
C2, 3 and 4 only
D1 and 4 only
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