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Q15·CSAT · Prelims 2022

Calculating overtaking instances on a circular track with relative speeds

NumericalTime, Speed & DistanceFactual singleHard

Question

X and Y run a 3 km race along a circular course of length 300 m. Their speeds are in the ratio 3:2. If they start together in the same direction, how many times would the first one pass the other (the start-off is not counted as passing)?

Options

a

2

b

3

Answer
c

4

d

5

Explanation

First, calculate the total number of rounds required to finish the race: Total rounds = 3000 m / 300 m = 10 rounds.

The speed ratio of X to Y is 3:2. This implies that for every 3 rounds X runs, Y runs exactly 2 rounds. A faster runner overtakes a slower runner on a circular track every time they complete exactly 1 more full lap than the slower runner.

Let's map X's progress to the overtaking points:

When X completes 3 rounds, Y completes 2 rounds. Difference = 1 lap. \rightarrow 1st overtake.
When X completes 6 rounds, Y completes 4 rounds. Difference = 2 laps. \rightarrow 2nd overtake.
When X completes 9 rounds, Y completes 6 rounds. Difference = 3 laps. \rightarrow 3rd overtake.

X finishes the 10-round race before reaching the 12th round milestone necessary for a 4th overtake. Therefore, X passes Y exactly 3 times.

For racers starting together in the same direction, the number of overtakes equals the total distance run by the winner divided by the relative distance gained per meeting, or simply counting integer multiples of the speed ratio differential.

Answer: (b).

Question details

Year

2022

Paper

CSAT

Question

Q15

Section

Numerical Ability

Sub-topic

Time, Speed & Distance

Type

Factual single

Difficulty

Hard

Source hint

X and Y run a 3 km race on 300m track

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