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Q10·CSAT · Prelims 2023

3-digit number minimizing ratio to its digit sum

NumericalNumber PropertiesNumber theoryHard

Question

D is a 3-digit number such that the ratio of the number to the sum of its digits is least. What is the difference between the digit at the hundred's place and the digit at the unit's place of D?

Options

a

0

b

7

c

8

Answer
d

9

Explanation

Let D = 100h + 10t + u. We want to minimize the ratio: R = 100h + 10t + u/h + t + u

To minimize this fraction, we must make the numerator as small as possible while making the denominator as large as possible.

To minimize the numerator's leading magnitude, set the hundreds digit to its lowest possible non-zero value: h = 1.
To maximize the denominator sum without adding excessive value to the numerator, set the remaining digits to their absolute single-digit limit: t = 9 and u = 9.

This isolates the target number as ⟨MATH⟩D = 199⟨/MATH⟩, where the ratio is 199 / 19 ≈ 10.47 (which is strictly smaller than alternate combinations like 109 / 10 = 10.9).

Finally, calculate the difference between the hundreds digit (1) and the units digit (9): Difference = 9 - 1 = 8.

To minimize a place-value ratio, set the leading digit to 1 and maximize all subsequent trailing digits to 9 to give the denominator maximum relative weight.

Answer: (c).

Question details

Year

2023

Paper

CSAT

Question

Q10

Section

Numerical Ability

Sub-topic

Number Properties

Type

Number theory

Difficulty

Hard

Source hint

Number theory

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