Buddhist rock-cut architecture
Question
Some Buddhist rock-cut caves are called Chaityas, while the others are called Viharas. What is the difference between the two?
Options
Vihara is a place of worship, while Chaitya is the dwelling place of the monks
Chaitya is a place of worship, while Vihara is the dwelling place of the monks
Chaitya is the stupa at the far end of the cave, while Vihara is the hall axial to it
There is no material difference between the two
Explanation
In Buddhist architecture, Chaityas are prayer halls or sanctuaries designed for worship and contain a stupa (reliquary mound) at the far end, while Viharas are monasteries or residential quarters used by Buddhist monks for dwelling and study. This is a fundamental distinction in Buddhist rock-cut architecture, exemplified at sites like Ajanta and Ellora. Chaityas served congregational religious purposes, while Viharas served residential and monastic functions. > Mnemonic: Chaitya = Chapel (worship), Vihara = Vigil/Hostel (residence). Answer: b.
Question details
Year
2013
Paper
GS Paper 1
Question
Q36
Subject
History
Sub-topic
Ancient Indian architecture
Type
Factual single
Difficulty
Easy
Nature
Static
Source hint
NCERT History - Ancient India, Rock-cut architecture
See all questions on Ancient Indian architecture
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