Parliament and International Treaties

Under Article 253 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament can make any law for the whole or any part of India for implementing international treaties without requiring the consent of any State. This is because India's external relations and treaty obligations are under the exclusive domain of the Union Government. The Constitution grants Parliament unilateral power to legislate for implementing treaties, regardless of whether the subject matter falls within State List or Concurrent List. Options (a), (b), and (c) incorrectly suggest that state consent is required, which contradicts the constitutional framework for treaty implementation. The federal structure does not impose consent requirements on Parliament for treaty-related legislation. > Article 253: Parliament can legislate without state consent for treaty implementation — a key feature of India's constitutional federalism. Answer: (d).