Sankhya School of Indian Philosophy

The Sankhya school is one of the oldest Hindu philosophical systems. Statement 1 is incorrect: Sankhya does accept the theory of rebirth or transmigration of the soul (samsara). Like most Hindu philosophical schools, Sankhya operates within the framework of karma and rebirth. Statement 2 is correct: Sankhya holds that liberation (moksha) is achieved through self-knowledge or jnana (knowledge of the distinction between Purusha/consciousness and Prakriti/matter), not through external rituals, divine intervention, or the grace of a god. This self-knowledge leads to the realization that Purusha is eternally separate from Prakriti and achieves kaivalya (isolation/liberation). Sankhya is essentially a dualistic philosophy emphasizing knowledge as the means to liberation. > Sankhya Essence: Sankhya accepts rebirth; Knowledge (self-realization of Purusha-Prakriti distinction) alone liberates without external aid. Answer: (b).