Fundamental Duties in Indian Constitution

The statement 'To uphold and protect the Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of India' is listed as the first Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(c) of the Indian Constitution, added via the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976. This duty is incumbent on every citizen of India. The Preamble does mention these ideals but does not frame them as citizen duties. Directive Principles are guidelines for state policy, not citizen duties. Fundamental Rights are protections granted to citizens, not duties owed by them. > Key Insight: Fundamental Duties (Part IVA) are citizen obligations, while Fundamental Rights (Part III) are citizen protections. The unity and integrity duty is the first and most foundational Fundamental Duty. Answer: (d).