Fundamental Duties of Indian Citizens

Only statement 2 is correct. Fundamental Duties (Part IV-A of the Constitution, added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976) are not enforceable by courts or through a legislative process; they are moral and political obligations meant to guide citizens' conduct. Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect. However, statement 2 is correct: Fundamental Duties are correlative to Fundamental Rights. For instance, the right to property correlates with the duty to conserve public property, and the right to freedom of speech correlates with duties toward national integrity. This reciprocal relationship between rights and duties reflects the principle that citizens cannot exercise rights without corresponding responsibilities to society. > Key Insight: Fundamental Duties are non-enforceable moral obligations that complement rights; they establish reciprocal relationships between citizen freedoms and social responsibilities. Answer: (b).