Nitrogen and ammonia in environment

All three statements are correct. Agricultural soils release nitrogen oxides (NOx) as a result of microbial processes in the soil, particularly nitrification and denitrification. Cattle and other livestock release ammonia (NH3) as a byproduct of their digestive processes and manure management. The poultry industry also releases reactive nitrogen compounds through waste management and bird excretion. These are well-documented sources of nitrogen pollution in agriculture and animal husbandry. > ALL three sources—soils, cattle, and poultry—contribute to reactive nitrogen pollution in the environment. Answer: (d).