Solar Water Pumps Technologies

Solar energy is simply a source of electricity (DC power converted to AC or used directly). As long as the electrical requirements are met, this electricity can power any type of motor or pump. Therefore, solar power is widely and successfully used to run both surface pumps (drawing from shallow sources) and submersible pumps (drawing from deep borewells). Thus, Statement 1 is incorrect. Similarly, it can power any mechanical pump design, whether centrifugal (using an impeller) or positive displacement ones like piston/rotary pumps. Thus, Statement 2 is incorrect. > One-line conceptual takeaway: Solar panels merely generate electricity, which is completely agnostic to the mechanical design or physical placement of the water pump it powers. Answer: (d).