Vedadots
Q44·GS Paper 1 · Prelims 2023

Sangam poem practice 'Vattakirutal' — what it refers to

HistoryAncient: Sangam & South IndianFactual singleHardStatic

Question

Which one of the following explains the practice of 'Vattakirutal' as mentioned in Sangam poems?

Options

a

Kings employing women bodyguards

b

Learned persons assembling in royal courts to discuss religious and philosophical matters

c

Young girls keeping watch over agricultural fields and driving away birds and animals

d

A king defeated in battle committing ritual suicide by starving himself to death

Answer

Explanation

'Vattakirutal' (or Vadakkiruthal) was a highly formalized ancient Tamil martial tradition. A defeated king, out of profound shame or to salvage his honor, would face North and commit ritual suicide by starvation, frequently accompanied by his loyal generals and warriors.

Sangam literature depicts an intense warrior honor culture where military defeat was often expiated through the starvation ritual of Vadakkiruthal.

Answer: (d).

Question details

Year

2023

Paper

GS Paper 1

Question

Q44

Subject

History

Sub-topic

Ancient: Sangam & South Indian

Type

Factual single

Difficulty

Hard

Nature

Static

Source hint

Sangam Literature Martial Suicide Traditions

Same sub-topic — other years

Ancient: Sangam & South Indian has appeared in multiple papers:

See all questions on Ancient: Sangam & South Indian

Browse every tagged question across all years

Explore →