Indian National Congress split 1907

The Surat Split of 1907 was primarily caused by the ideological divide between the Moderates and the Extremists within the Congress. The Extremists, led by figures like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Aurobindo Ghosh, had lost faith in the moderate methods of negotiation and dialogue with the British government. They believed in more aggressive tactics like swadeshi and boycott movements. The Moderates, led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, still believed in constitutional agitation. This fundamental disagreement over methods and strategy led to the formal split at the Surat session. Option (a) refers to the Minto-Morley Reforms which came after 1907. Option (c) about Muslim League's foundation in 1906 was not the direct cause of Congress split. Option (d) about Aurobindo's election is incidental.

Answer: b.